Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 6

Nathan Rothschild: Engaged in smuggling, profited from UK gov't link/bond speculation

During the first two decades of the 19th-century, the Rothschild Dynasty that began bankrolling the Zionist movement’s settler-colonialists by the end of the 19th-century also acquired its family wealth from an illegal smuggling business operation. As The Rothschilds: A European Family book recalled:

“Nathan [Rothschild] engaged in highly profitable smuggling: he had cash illicitly imported into France. Waiting at the French coast, his brother James [Rothschild] took receipt of the cash and used it to buy bills drawn on London that were on the market for below nominal value owing to the trade embargo. Nathan [Rothschild] then redeemed them in London at their face value.”

But, when a general of the early 19th-century UK imperialist government, named Wellington, invaded France and “needed French cash or bills draw on banks in Southern France,” Nathan Rothschild “decided to place his smuggling activities in the service of the British” imperialist “government;” and “his plan for supplying money to Wellington was carried out under the strictest secrecy,” according to the same book. In addition, “the link thus forged with the British government was to pay off for the Rothschilds” who “were entrusted with the payments of subsidies destined for the British allies” which were “transferred via the Rothschild Bank,” that received “risk-free commission,” according to The Rothschilds: A European Family book.

As a result, as the same book recalled:

“The five [Rothschild] brothers made their greatest profits after 1815 by speculating in bonds, by exploiting differences in quotations on the various exchanges and by conducting money transactions swiftly…In the first decades of the 19th-century the Rothschilds overtook all the other banks. They built up a monopoly on loans to the major European powers and established a second pillar for their business, namely railway construction, at an early date before the business in state bonds declined. Their wealth had reached an unprecedented size…”

By the second half of the 19th-century, Rothschild Dynasty members were profiting from their exploitation of the oil resources of Russia, which was then undemocratically ruled by a monarchical and institutionally anti-Semitic Czarist government. As The Rothschilds: A European Family book observed:

“…At around 1870 the French Rothschilds already had a stake in the importation of American crude oil to France. In this context the Rothschilds had oil refineries built in Fiume in Austria and in Spain.

“The need for cheap oil supplies for their refineries soon sparked the Rothschild’s interest in the oil fields around Baku in Russia…Within a short time the Rothschilds had become the second most powerful oil group in Russia…”

And by 1912, the Rothschild Dynasty that was funding the Zionist movement’s settler colonialists in Palestine owned stock in the Shell/Royal Dutch transnational oil corporation that profited from the exploitation of the oil resources of Dutch imperialism’s Indonesian colony. As the same book noted:

“…Oil had increasingly come to be used as engine fuel and this had prompted drilling for oil in Indonesia, a Dutch colony. This led to the company Royal Dutch being set up, which soon merged with the transport from Shell. The Paris House of Rothschild decided to join this new group, which became ever more powerful…In 1912 the Rothschilds swapped their holding in the Russian joint stock company [of Czarist Russia’s “second most powerful oil group”], worth a total of 27.2 million roubles, for shares in Shell/Royal Dutch…”

Shell/Royal Dutch: Oil firm owned by Rothschilds, profited from Dutch Imperialism

 (end of part 6)

Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 5

Meyer Amschel Rothschild: Profited From Funding Monarchist Military Attacks on French Revolution

Over 100 years before the Zionist movement’s settler-colonialists from Europe began establishing their settlements on Palestinian land that Edmond Rothschild financed and managed, the Rothschild family members began to accumulate so much surplus wealth from the financial deals the Rothschilds made with undemocratic European regimes, that by the early 1800’s the Rothschilds “increasingly came to be regarded as the epitome of dominance and exploitation," according to the 1994 book, The Rothschilds: A European Family, that Georg Heuberger edited. As the same book recalled:

“About 1764…Meyer Amschel Rothschild set up his own business as a dealer in coins and bills in Frankfurt…The deliveries he made to the…court of the Landgrave William of Hanau gave him the opportunity in 1769 to…acquire the title of Court Agent to said court…Shortly after being awarded the title of Agent to the Court of Hesse-Hanau, Meyer Amschel [Rothschild] married Gutle Schnapps, whose dowry was quite considerable…Alongside trading in coins…he also bought bills of exchange and worked as an agent procuring loans…

“The coin trade was of great significance for him…Wegener, who was in charge of the Hanau Coin Collection, later became director of the Hanau Country Treasury. It sold bills of exchange issued by the English government and redeemable in London. These bills were in payment for troops from Hanau that fought on the English side during the American war of Independence.

“Contact with the men in charge of the Court Coin Collection thus afforded Meyer Amschel [Rothschild] the opportunity to acquire bills from the Hanau Treasury and resell them for redemption in London. This trade in bills was highly profitable…”

So, not surprisingly, when the undemocratic monarchical European governments attacked the revolutionary government of France in the early 1790’s, Rothschild family members and their business partners were apparently able to profit from the resulting war. As The Rothschilds: A European Family book noted:

“In 1792 Austria and other countries attacked France…At the outset of the war Meyer Amschel succeeded, together with two business partners…, Wolf Loeb Schott and Beer Nehm Rindskopt, in concluding a contract with the Imperial Army. They provided the money to pay the soldiers as well as grain and equipment for the army during its operations in the Rhine/Main region against the French…The profits were…so considerable that between 1792 and 1795 Meyer Amschel moved…to the highest class of taxpayer in the tax estimates of the Jewish community…From now on, Meyer Amschel’s 3 eldest sons, Amschel, Salomon and Nathan, were also active in his business…”

The same book also observed that, by 1800, Meyer Amschel Rothschild “was well on his way to getting a foothold in the door of the uppermost class of court Jews;"  and “the breakthrough for Meyer Amschel” Rothschild “came in 1803 when he succeeded for the first time in floating a bond for the state of Denmark.” Then, after Meyer Amschel’s son, Nathan Rothschild, married the “daughter of the prominent London merchant, Levy Barent Cohen” in 1806, the Rothschild Dynasty’s family gained access to the “financial elite of early 19th-century London,” because Nathan Rothschild’s father-in-law (who died in 1808) “was the center of a kinship network linking” some of “the most important families in London’s financial sector,” including “the Montefiores, the Mocattas and the Goldsmids.”

Nathan Rothschild:  Member of early 19th-Century UK financial banking elite

According to The Rothschilds: A European Family book:

“The Mocattas were among the richest traders in London, while the Goldsmid brothers dominated the English bond market up until 1810. Members of the Cohen and Montefiore families were stockbrokers.”

And after the head of the leading Goldsmid bank shot himself in 1810, Nathan Rothschild “was soon to fill the vacuum this left behind in the London banking world,” according to the same book.

Rothschilds Mansion in UK (photo by Pam Brody)

(end of part 5)

Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 4

Ex-Prez Clinton/2016 Dem Prez Nominee Clinton & Sir Evelyn de  Rothschild & wife 

Following James Rothschild’s death in 1957, his Rothschild Dynasty money was also given to the Zionist movement’s State of Israel to finance “the Weizmann Scientific Institute in Tel Aviv, while his widow Dorothy [Rothschild] set up the Yad Hanadu education foundation,” which Jacob Rothschild continued to support during the rest of the 20th century, according to Niall Ferguson’s 1999 book, The House of Rothschild: The World’s Bankers 1849-1999. In addition, according to the same book:

“One Rothschild—Gay [Rothschild]’s sister Betsabee—actually settled in Israel. Like that of his grandfather and namesake, Edmond [Rothschild II]’s commitment to the new state was especially strong. He visited Israel in 1958 to discuss the financing of an oil pipeline from the Red Sea and even flew to Jerusalem during the 1967 Six Day War to make public his support of the Israeli government…The London Rothschilds…were reported to have donated to the Jewish Palestine Appeal in 1967…”

According to the 2007 edition of the Encyclopedia Judaica, another member of the Rothschild Dynasty, who lived between 1910 and 1990 and “in 1965 became research coordinator of the Royal Dutch Shell Group,” named Lord Nathaniel Meyer Victor Rothschild, was also “keenly interested” in the Zionist movement’s State of Israel; and, during his lifetime, “he was appointed a governor of the Weizmann Institute of Science and of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.”

The 2007 edition of the Encyclopedia Judaica also described how a member of the Rothschild Dynasty who was born in 1936, named “Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, Fourth Baron Rothschild,” came to be historically honored by the Zionist movement in Palestine/Israel:

“…He joined the family bank, N.M. Rothschild, in 1964 and…revived its fortunes. He left…in 1980, after conflict with its head, his cousin Evelyn de Rothschild, over Jacob’s conduct of Rothschild Investment Trust. A series of mergers which he subsequently masterminded led to the creation of the influential financial institution Charterhouse J. Rothschild. From 1971 he was chairman of St. James’s Place Capital (formerly J. Rothschild Holdings plc) and from 1980, chairman of Five Arrows Ltd…

“…In 1992, the year of the opening of the Israeli Supreme Court Building, a gift of Yad Hanadis, the Rothschild family foundation, he was awarded an honorary Ph.D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1992) and he was made an Honorary Fellow of the City of Jerusalem. In the same year he became president of the Institute of Jewish Affairs.

“He succeeded his father as fourth Baron Rothschild in 1990…”

The Fourth Baron Rothschild, Jacob Rothschild, and his son, financier Nat Rothschild, were, coincidentally, accused of allowing 2008 GOP presidential candidate John McCain to hold a campaign fund-raising event at “the family home in Spencer House, St James's, the only privately owned 17th-century palace in central London,” in violation of U.S. federal election campaign laws that prohibit political donations or benefits in kind from overseas by U.S. candidates for federal office, according to an October 23, 2008 London Independent article by Andy McSmith, titled “The Rothschilds and their 200 years of political influence.” The same article noticed that “Serena Rothschild, Nat Rothschild's mother, was one of the largest individual donors” to the UK’s Conservative Party in 2007, a year in which Serene Rothschild gave that  right-wing political party 190,000 pounds. In addition, according to the 2008 London Independent article:

“When another member of the clan, Sir Evelyn de Rothschild, married the New York businesswoman Lynn Forester, they spent the night of their wedding dinner in the White House as guests of Bill Clinton. Lady Rothschild was a fund-raiser for the Democrats, but defected to the McCain camp after her friend Hillary Clinton was beaten to the nomination by Barack Obama.” 

Rothschilds Mansion in UK (photo by Pam Brophy)

(end of part 4)

Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 3

James Armand Rothschild: Was president of Palestine colonization association [PICA]

Despite the evidence after November 1917 that the vast majority of Palestinian Arabs did not want Palestinian society to be transformed in the way that the Zionist movement wanted it to be, members of the Western European-based Rothschild dynasty continued to back the Zionist movement’s settler-colonialist project, during the end of World War I and after World War I. As the 2007 edition of Encyclopedia Judaica recalled, James Armand de Rothschild, Edmond Rothschild’s son, during World War I, “was sent to Palestine to recruit volunteers for the Palestinian battalion of the Jewish Legion” of UK imperialist troops; and “when the Zionist Commission arrived in Palestine” in 1918, James Armand Rothschild “was seconded to it as liaison officer and from that time on his interest in Palestine never flagged.”

According to the same book, in 1924, for example, James Armand Rothschild “was appointed president for life of the newly-founded Palestine Jewish Colonization Association [PICA], which was largely financed by his father;” and “he also took an active interest in other enterprises in Palestine, including the Palestine Electric Corporation, the Hebrew University, and excavations at `Hazor,’ which “he sponsored.” In addition, following James Armand Rothschild’s death in 1957, his wife transferred Rothschild Dynasty money to the Israeli government to help finance “the construction of a new Knesset building in Jerusalem.”

As the 1994 book, The Rothschilds: A European Family, which Greg Heuberger edited, observed, “as the largest” Zionist “landowner in Palestine, the PICA made land and money available for the” Zionist settlers, “who were again arriving in large numbers above all from Russia” after World War I; and “without the land that Edmond” Rothschild (who died in 1934), “made available from 1918 onwards through the PICA, and without the technicians and engineers, whom he had employed and paid, without the reports that he commissioned and the machinery he had bought, Palestine would not during the years,” when under UK imperialist rule, “have developed into a `national homeland’ that could serve as the basis for the foundation” of the Zionist movement’s “State of Israel.”

According to a March 1997 Jewish News of Northern California article, for example, “it is estimated that” Edmond Rothschild’s total “expenditure in Palestine between 1884 and 1934 was about $6 million, an enormous sum at the time;" and “on his death in 1934, almost 125,000 acres of land and more than 40 settlements testified to his contribution and support.”

According to Simon Schama’s 1978 book Two Rothschilds and the Land of Israel, “PICA found itself in the 1930s” at “the crossroads of its history;” and “at Edmond Rothschild’s death in 1934” it “could still lay claim to an immense estate: some 440,000 dunams (including 80,000 acres across the Jordan), 30 settlements owned, founded or assisted by the Association, 23 of which, Petah Tikva, Roshan Le Zion…and Hadim…were all small townships rather than overgrown villages,” in part, because “immediately after” World War I, Edmond Rothschild “had clinched some important deals with Elias Sursuq and a number of other Beirut absentee landowners, mostly for properties in Lower Galilee and the Upper Jordan basin.”

The same book also noted that James Armand Rothschild “himself had on many occasions gone on record as being against the restraint of new settlement” in Palestine “and was a prime mover in the establishment, not only of Ashdot Ya’aqov in 1933 but the `Massada’ group near Yavnie, which became the kibbutz Mishmar Hashlosha,” so that “of the 65,000 cultivable dunams acquired by PICA” after 1914, “45,000 had been leased by 1940” to Zionist movement settler-colonialists. In addition, according to the 1978 Two Rothschilds and the Land of Israel book:

“…The PICA settlements and industries had depended exclusively on finance originating with the single source of Edmond de Rothschild…In the last 6 years of its career, PICA…entered into a comprehensive and ambitious programme of development. The last land reserves were duly colonized. Ma’agan Michael (1950), Beeit Hanania (1951) and Talmey Elazar (1954) being established on the Sharon coastal plain and Sde Eliezer (1952) in the Huleh Valley north-west of Ayelet Hashahar…The development of Caesarea as a future tourist resort combining the cultural interest of the excavation with a recreation dear to James [Rothschild]’s heart: golf…”

In a 1957 letter that James Rothschild wrote, shortly before his death in 1957,  to the then-prime minister of the Zionist Movement’s State of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, James Rothschild summarized the Rothschild Dynasty’s historic connection to the Zionist movement’s settler-colony and State of Israel, in the following way:

“My father began his colonization work…75 years ago…When in 1924 my father set up the Palestine Jewish Colonication Association—PICA—he assigned it the task of colonizing all his landholdings. It fell to me to preside over PICA since its inception.

“…All these lands were then colonized by PICA. Today there is no cultivable land left to PICA for further colonization…I propose to transfer now all remaining PICA lands (leased and not leased) to National Institutions…We intend to provide the sum…for the construction of the new Knesseth building in Jerusalem. Let the new Knesseth building become a symbol…”

(end of part 3)

Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 2

Lord Walter Rothschild: Recipient of UK Imperialism's 1917 "Balfour Declaration"

Israel’s Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 2

During World War I, members of the Rothschild dynasty in the UK also used their special influence to get Lord Balfour of the British imperialist government’s foreign office to write a Nov. 2, 1917 letter to Lord Walter Rothschild, which noted that the UK cabinet had approved a “declaration of sympathy” with “Zionist aspirations” (but which also stated, however, “that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine,” the Palestinian Arabs, who still then composed 93 percent of Palestinian’s population and still owned 95 percent of Palestine’s land in 1917). As the 1994 book, The Rothschilds: A European Family, which Greg Heuberger edited, recalled:

“…After Turkey had entered the war on the side of Germany in 1914, the two Zionist leaders Chaim Weizman and Nahum Sokolow tried to whip up support in Great Britain for a…homeland in Palestine…The Zionists were dependent…on the aid of…the Rothschilds, with their high public profile and their contacts to English politicians.

“Alongside Edmond and his son James Armand, Lord Walter Rothschild, his sister-in-law Rozsika, his brother Charles and his mother avidly supported the Zionist cause after the outbreak of World War I.

“The joint efforts culminated in the declaration made by Lord Balfour, the British Foreign Minister, that the government would support setting up a national homeland for Jews in Palestine. The declaration was passed on to Lord Walter Rothschild on Nov. 2, 1917 in the simple form of a letter…”

Ironically, as Lenni Brenner noted in his 1984 book, The Iron Wall: Zionist Revisionism from Jabotinsky to Shamir, “in 1914, after meeting Balfour for the second time,” Zionist movement leader Weizman “wrote to a friend that” Balfour “told me that he once had a long talk with Cosima Wagner in Bayrouth and that he shared many of her anti-Semitic ideas.’”

Then-Democratic U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asserted during World War I that his administration supported the right of national self-determination for colonized peoples around the globe. Yet the 95 percent of the people who lived in Palestine in 1917 who were Palestinian Arabs, of non-Jewish religious backgrounds, were not allowed to democratically determine whether or not Palestine should be transformed into “a homeland” for the Zionist movement, before Lord Balfour sent his Nov. 2, 1917 letter to Lord Walter Rothschild.

So, not surprisingly, “a formal reading of the Balfour Declaration by a British official in Palestine in February of 1920…sparked large demonstrations in Palestinian cities” in opposition to the UK imperialist government cabinet’s November 1917 “declaration of sympathy with…Zionist aspirations” in Palestine, according to the Palestine Book Project’s 1977 book, Our Roots Are Still Alive: The Story of the Palestinian People. And on both the third anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, on Nov. 2, 1920 and the second anniversary of the day UK imperialist troops entered Jerusalem, on Dec. 9, 1920, Palestinian Arabs demonstrated, Palestinian “Arab shops closed their doors,” Palestinian Arab “newspapers appeared with black borders,” and Palestinians “draped black crepe paper on their houses and flew black flags” in “a day of mourning” to express Palestinian opposition to the UK imperialist government’s support for the Rothschild family-backed Zionist movement’s settler-colonialist “aspirations” in Palestine, according to the same book.

 (end of part 2)

Israel's Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 1

Edmond de Rothschild: Funded initial Zionist settlers in Palestine

                                                                 

“…During 1883-84, the first settlement began to be patronized by Rothschild. Due to his desire to remain anonymous in this venture, he was known by a cover name `Ha-Nadiv-ha Yadu’a’ (`the Well-Known Benefactor’)…”

--from the 2007 edition of Encyclopedia Judaica

Israel’s Historic Rothschild Dynasty Connection Revisited: Part 1

In the United States, neither corporate media monopoly conglomerate news departments nor most of U.S. power elite foundation-subsidized alternative media groups have generally been interested, since the end of World War II, in examining very much the role that the super-rich Rothschild Dynasty has played in world history during the last three centuries. And just as writers who examine the degree to which pro-Zionist movement lobbying organizations in the USA, like AIPAC, may have exercised a special influence over U.S. government foreign policy in the Middle East have often been stereotyped as being “anti-Semitic conspiracy theorists,” people who are interested in discussing the historical role of the Rothschild Dynasty are often falsely accused of being “anti-Semitic conspiracy theorists, like Adolf Hitler, etc.” 

   

But at least one member of the super-rich Rothschild banking family, played an important role in supporting the Zionist movement’s settler-colonialist project in Palestine; that eventually led to the violation of Palestinian democratic self-determination and national rights and Palestinian human rights, especially following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. As Frederic Morton recalled in his 1962 book, The Rothschilds: A Family Portrait:

“The story starts on Sept. 28, 1882…in Edmond [Rothschild]’s office…He began by financing the settlement of exactly 101 Russian Jews not far from Jaffa. Gradually he went on to subsidize…Jewish colonies and to create others…Of the 7 new Jewish agricultural communities existing in Palestine in the middle 1880’s, 3 escaped bankruptcy only through Rothschild. A fourth was altogether of his own making. The rest benefited vitally, if more indirectly, from his help. The initial colony of Rothschild-propelled emigrants was soon followed by many hundreds and later thousands of such settlers…

“…Before long Edmond [Rothschild] found himself intervening with the Turkish government, at that time in control of Palestine, in favor of Jewish colonization. He did diplomatic backstage work…When a deputation of Russian Zionists called on him to discuss the need to reform in some of his settlements, he grew purple…: `These are my colonies, and I shall do with them as I like.’…

“…He…sparked the industrial development of Israel-to-be. His funds facilitated the formation of the Palestine Electric Corporation Ltd., the Portland Cement Company’s `Nesher Ltd.,’ the Palestine Salt Company and the Samarita Water Company…He even made sure that the colonies he bought clustered strategically across Judea, Samaria and Galilea, to serve as strongholds in time of need. The time of need came 4 decades later…”

Before transferring 62,500 acres of his Palestinian agricultural settlement land and a cash grant of 14 million French francs to the Zionist movement’s Jewish Colonization Association [JCA] in 1901, “all the agricultural experiments carried out in” these “settlements by French experts were covered” by Edmond Rothschild’s “funds,” according to the 2007 edition of Encyclopedia Judaica. The same encyclopedia also observed that “under JCA the settlements expanded, to a large degree with Rothschild’s direct and indirect support” and “Rothschild played a major role in the development of the wine industry” in Palestine.

According to the 1994 book, The Rothschilds: A European Family, which Georg Heuberger edited:

“In Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, in Rishon Le-Zion and in numerous other places in Israel, streets and buildings are named after Edmond and Adelheid de Rothschild and their son James Armand…This honour  dates back to Edmond de Rothschild’s commitment…From his 37th year onwards, he devoted himself to establishing…settlements in Palestine. And he dedicated the larger part of his wealth to this undertaking…

“Edmond’s commitment…commenced in the summer of 1882…Edmond de Rothschild’s commitment started with concrete promises of help for the settlers in Rishon Le-Zion…Edmond granted them 25,000 francs. He also sent technical equipment and experts…Almost all the settlements founded around 1881-3 in Palestine…applied to Edmond for help…As we know from countless handwritten letters sent by him, Edmond concerned himself with all the different sides to the settlements…He sent gardeners, engineers and administrators from France, furnishing them with far-reaching power. These officials were instructed to inform Edmond in great detail about the settlements and the settlers…The power of money in distant Paris decided the day and Edmond ruled with an…iron fist…”

By 1903, 28 Zionist movement “settlements existed in Palestine, of which 19 were partially or completely financed by Baron Edmond de Rothschild” and “furthermore, he had purchased large tracts of land for future” Zionist movement “settlements,” according to The Rothschilds: A European Family book; and in the early years of the 20th-century Edmond Rothschild was now the chairman of a “Palestine Commission” which managed the Zionist movement’s settler-colonialist activities in Palestine.

The Jewish News of Northern California website also noted in a March 1997 article that “Baron Edmond de Rothschild developed a deep interest in Zionism in the 1880s” and initially “asked that none of his efforts be publicly acknowledged.” For that reason, “on one of his trips to” Palestine, “so as to arrive in relative anonymity,” Edmond Rothschild “insisted on leaving his private yacht at Alexandria and traveling on to Jaffa by ordinary passenger boat;” and “he even eschewed the public use of his name, and was known instead only as Hanadiv Hayadua (the well-known benefactor),” according to the same 1997 article.

According to Simon Schama’s 1978 book, Two Rothschilds and the Land of Israel, in 1900 the Zionist movement settlements that Edmond Rothschild established in Palestine “covered 145,000 dunams or 67 percent of all” Zionist movement-controlled “land in Palestine;” and in 1914, “235,000” dunams and “56 percent” of all Zionist movement-controlled land in Palestine were owned by the settlements established by Edmond Rothschild.

So, not surprisingly, one of the streets in Tel Aviv that was originally called “Rehov Ha’Am” or “the people’s street” was renamed “The Rothschild Boulevard” in 1910, in honor of the Rothschild Dynasty member who funded the initial settlements of the European-initiated Zionist movement’s settler-colonialist project in Palestine.

Rothschild Boulevard in Tel Aviv

 (end of part 1)

Black Male Worker Jobless Rate Still Over 16 Percent In USA in June 2020

The official seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in the United States for African-American male workers, under the Republican Party-controlled White House and U.S. Senate and the Democratic Party-controlled U.S. House of Representatives, continued to exceed 16 percent in June 2020.

Also, regarding the current unemployment situation for all workers in the USA, according to the the July 2, 2020 Bureau of Labor Statistics press release:

“…The jobless rate and the number of unemployed are up by 7.6 percentage points and 12.0 million, respectively, since February...The jobless rate for Asians (13.8 percent) changed little over the month…

"The number of  permanent job losers continued to rise, increasing by 588,000 to 2.9 million in June…The number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks and the long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) saw over-the-month increases (+825,000 to 1.9 million and +227,000 to 1.4 million, respectively)...

"The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons... is still more than double its February level. These  individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time  because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs…

"The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 8.2 million,..remained 3.2 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job.

"Persons marginally attached to the labor force--a subset of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job--numbered 2.5 million in June, little different from the prior month. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available 
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 681,000
in June, essentially unchanged from the previous month…. 

"In June, nonfarm employment was 14.7 million, or 9.6 percent, lower than its February level… Employment continued to decline in mining….Employment in food services and drinking places is down by 3.1 million since February…. In June…, employment in retail trade…is 1.3 million lower than in February….

"Employment…in education and health services in June…is 1.8 
million below February's level….Job losses continued in nursing care facilities (-18,000)…Since February, employment in the other services industry is down by 752,000.

"In June, manufacturing employment…is down by 757,000 since 
February…. Professional and business services…employment is 1.8 million below its February level…. In June…employment declined in computer systems design and related services (-20,000)…

"Wholesale trade employment... is down by 317,000 since …February…. Since February, employment in financial activities is down by 237,000… Government employment is 1.5 million below its February level. 

"Mining continued to lose jobs in June (-10,000), with most of the decline occurring in support activities for mining (-7,000). Mining employment is down by 123,000 since a recent peak in January 2019, although nearly three-fourths of the decline has occurred 
since February 2020…"

In June 2020, 18,072,000 people in the United States were still unemployed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' not seasonally adjusted figures; and the not-seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for all U.S. workers was 11.2 percent.